blood when i wipe but not in stoolblood when i wipe but not in stool

Even wet toilet paper can work in a pinch. Some cases of colon and rectal cancer develop from initially benign polyps. Bloody stool without pain can be a sign of hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. All rights reserved. This site may contain third-party advertisements and links to third-party sites. Definition & facts for proctitis. what could be the problem? When wiping, there will be blood (but not in the stool) It is most often caused by bleeding in the lower GI tract, which includes the rectum and anus, that blood is seen upon wiping. Here are five causes and what to do about each. Over-the-counter (OTC) ointments and hydrocortisone suppositories can also provide relief. Stool could also look very dark, almost black, and tarry. If you have: blood on your toilet paper, its possible that youre bleeding from the bottom. Cancer that impacts the colon or rectum can cause irritation, inflammation, and bleeding. If initial treatments fail, a doctor may perform minor surgery to remove the hemorrhoids. It can also signal a more serious condition like an inflammation disease in your intestines or cancer. What might cause blood to appear when you wipe? Blood when wiping (but not in the stool) Blood when wiping is generally caused by bleeding in the lower GI tract, which includes the rectum and anus. Black, Green or Bloody: Whats Up With My Poop? Seeing some blood on the toilet paper or in your stool is one, but not the only symptom of an IBD flare diarrhea, bowel urgency, abdominal pain, weight loss and fatigue are others. It'll probably pick up in a few hours. Just had this happen this morning, I was very surprised no stomach pain, poop looked fine Mabey a little more pale than normal kinda green pale, no blood in stool only when I went to wipe any ideas? Blood When I Wipe But Not In Stool No Pain? We've got tips to help you clean up, deal with the embarrassment, and make sure it isn't a, Reusable toilet paper, like cloth diapers, are squares of cloth you use once, clean, and use again. This is referred to as occult bleeding. The symptoms of rectal bleeding can vary depending on what is causing the bleeding. Find out, Are you experiencing the itching or painful sensation that comes along with having a hemorrhoid? In many cases, the causes of rectal bleeding are not life-threatening and can be easily treated. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Understanding minor rectal bleeding. Haemorrhoids. Also depends how much blood. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could A few occasional drops or streaks of blood in the toilet when wiping or in the stool are usually not a worry. Examples include eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. I've also had some pregnancy symptoms - headaches, nausea, excessive tiredness, random craving for apple . Rectal bleeding is a symptom of conditions like hemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcers and colorectal cancer. Rectal bleeding can refer to any blood that passes from your anus, although rectal bleeding is usually assumed to refer to bleeding from your lower colon or rectum. If this is the case, your healthcare provider will develop a treatment plan to treat the cancer, often removing any tumors. They . Typically, you notice rectal bleeding on toilet paper, in the water of the toilet bowl or in your stool. Some people may see blood clots in the stool from the . Wiping might seem like a no-brainer, but your approach could have an impact on your health. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. Some symptoms you might have with rectal bleeding can include: In some very severe cases, rectal bleeding can lead to shock. One thing to keep in mind when you see an unusual color in your poop is what you ate. The color of blood you see can actually indicate where the bleeding might be coming from. Minor ulcers can be treated with fiber supplements to relieve constipation while more serious cases may require surgery. While there are many benign (not harmful) causes of bright red bleeding, there are fewer benign causes of darker blood for this reason, dark blood may be more concerning, and warrants workup by your healthcare provider. Your doctor may also perform an endoscopy to look for a blockage or abnormal growth. If your feces looks to be black, tarry, or maroon in color, you should seek medical attention. The causes of rectal bleeding can vary from common and mild conditions to more severe and rare conditions that need immediate medical treatment. include protected health information. As a gastroenterologist, I take all rectal bleeding seriously, but there are some elements in the patients history that point more in the direction of a hemorrhoid bleeding as opposed to a lesion in the colon, says Dr. Caterina Oneto, MD, a gastroenterologist and internal medicine specialist with NYU Langone Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treatment for STIs usually involves either an antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal medication based on the type of infection. A few risk factors include: Hemorrhoids usually respond well to over-the-counter (OTC) creams and suppositories that contain hydrocortisone. Treatment options for hemorrhoids include topical creams, in-office procedures and surgery. (2021). Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. A person can recognize they may be experiencing diverticular bleeding if painless bleeding is coming from the rectum. All of these are reasons to see a doctor. Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the lower rectum, per the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Is it normal to bleed from the bottom when pooping? Strate L. Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults. A pinkish or reddish smear on the toilet paper may also be from an irritated (and bleeding) skin tag at the anal opening. It could just be a coincidence that the first time you saw blood on the toilet paper was when you had a bowel movement. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Theyre caused by: Anal fissures are very common in infants. For this reason, a person should immediately seek medical attention. Weakened rectal tissues can allow a portion of the rectum to push forward or bulge outside of the anus, usually resulting in pain and, almost always, bleeding. MOLES AND MELANOMA Rectal bleeding is often a part of a bigger issue that needs to be taken care of. The symptoms of shock can include: There are many different reasons why you might experience rectal bleeding. This procedure involves injecting a small amount of the radioactive metal technetium-99m into your blood. Polyps, or growths of tissue on the inside lining of the colon. All rights reserved. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. They can cause symptoms such as itching, pain, and bleeding. Your provider might start by asking you about the situation around your rectal bleeding. (n.d.). If you're younger, you'll be looking for persistent blood when you wipe, Dr. Martin says. Get the facts about this green pigments health benefits. In order to prevent new blood from forming during each bowel movement, you must first eliminate the source of the bleeding, which is hard stool. Required fields are marked *, Proudly powered by WordPress | Theme: BusiProf by Webriti. Theyre commonly caused by: Ulcers can lead to black, tarry stools or bright red blood from the rectum, depending on how serious the bleeding is. This can reduce itching and irritation after a bowel movement. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Causes of bowel leakage. Most of these cancers are associated with polyps, which are small, noncancerous tumors that grow on the lining of the colon or rectum. However, rectal bleeding can sometimes be a sign of a serious condition like colorectal cancer. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. We avoid using tertiary references. This content does not have an Arabic version. This is known as a thrombosed hemorrhoid. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and can involve: Optimizing nutrition is also a major factor, as some people may find that different foods trigger their IBD symptoms. Noticing dark red, black or tarry poop while you are having a bowel movement. Having to use a lot of toilet paper after pooping imay indicate some health conditions, including hemorrhoids or fecal incontinence. Your rectum makes up the lower portion of your large intestine. It can indicate a mild or serious condition. Researchers have identified certain foods you can. On toilet paper, this blood generally appears as a brilliant crimson stain. other information we have about you. Blood in your feces or bloody diarrhoea are both possible causes. What causes rectal pain, and how to remedy it? What Your Vaginal Discharge Means, According to an Ob-Gyn, What the Color of Your Poop Can Tell You About Your Gut Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. National Library of Medicine: Anal fissure, U.S. National Library of Medicine: Colonic Polyps, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?, American Cancer Society: American Cancer Society Guideline for Colorectal Cancer Screening. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Bright red blood in your stool usually indicates bleeding in your lower colon. One of the "red flag" signs GI docs often talk about is the presence of blood in your stool. Hemorrhoid Blood vs. Colon Cancer Blood: Is There a Difference? Check if you're bleeding from the bottom You might be bleeding from the bottom if you have: blood on your toilet paper red streaks on the outside of your poo pink water in the toilet bowl You need to get your urethra examined, and if youre a woman, you need an internal pelvic exam as a start. Could time-restricted eating cause fertility problems? Anal health care basics. Drink more fluids and eat more fiber, like fruits and vegetables. Carry out a significant amount of heavy lifting. Consider a bidet attachment or rinse bottle. A lesion in the large colon that can cause blood to come out with stools (and make its way to the tissue paper) may be an ulcer, a polyp or a malignant tumor. Reply chezzel over a year ago sound the himroids Reply Most causes of rectal bleeding are treatable and not serious. Research estimates that 1 in 20 adults in the United States and about half of adults 50 and older have hemorrhoids. Policy. A hemorrhoids blood will appear bright red when it is blotted on a piece of toilet paper. Lack of exercise. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which I did have a small bloody clot come out. This is often rectal bleeding. It can absorb some of the stool and keep it from soiling your underwear. Increase your fiber intake if your discomfort is related to constipation. There is a wide range of reasons for blood in the stool. National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. When you have blood in your stool it can look a few different ways. Here is some care advice that should help until you talk with your doctor. These include the following: Talk with your doctor about other methods to avoid irritation and discomfort. Seek emergency attention if youre bleeding a lot. The presence of dark red or maroon blood may indicate that you have bleeding further up in the colon or in the small intestine. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. The presence of continuous rectal bleeding, on the other hand, can be an early warning indicator of other illness problems, such as colorectal or anal canal cancer. All text is copyright property of this site's authors. Colorectal cancer signs and symptoms. A person should see their doctor if they suspect internal rectal bleeding. Doctors sometimes treat fistulas with antibiotics, but they may require surgery if they progress. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis. You can have green, yellow and even black stool. Diagnosis is first made with a biopsy, usually with colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy depending on the location of the tumor. Serious conditions, including colorectal cancer, can be treated and cured when detected early. Hemorrhoids are dilated blood vessels that can get aggravated because of hard stool or straining. Possible causes of rectal bleeding include: A doctor will decide what tests you need based on your symptoms and medical history. If it happens one time and then stops, take note of it, but it most likely isnt an emergency. Severe gastrointestinal disease can also lead to internal bleeding. Fistulas that appear between the anus and rectum, or anus and skin, can cause a discharge of white fluid and blood. To schedule a personal appointment with one of our board-certified colorectal surgeons, please call (404) 351-7900 or email our Atlanta office today. Blood in your stool without pain is usually due to a hemorrhoid, but there could be other causes, like anal fissures, polyps, or more. These are typically harmless and often don't cause any symptoms at all, per the Mayo Clinic. If youre experiencing rectal bleeding, you might see blood in a few different ways on your toilet paper as you wipe, in the water of the toilet bowl or in your poop. They can be painful or painless depending on their location, and are often associated with rectal pain and itching, a lump that you can feel and/or rectal bleeding. Seeing blood on toilet paper or in stool can be alarming, but common. Maintaining a nutrient-rich diet, exercising regularly, and working closely with a gastroenterologist can help prevent progression of IBD or a relapse. A poor fiber intake, prolonged sitting or standing, being overweight, pregnancy, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and anal intercourse are all factors that contribute to constipation. Here, learn about the causes in adults and children and when to. If you have: blood on your toilet paper, its possible that youre bleeding from the bottom. This is called occult (hidden) blood and may not be discovered until a blood test indicates a low red blood cell count. . Suite 475 A more serious ailment, such as an inflammatory disease of the intestines or cancer, might be indicated by this symptom. There are more items. Having crimson streaks on the outside of your feces is not uncommon. National Library of Medicines list (Anal itching, for example, is no fun for anyone.) Sometimes diverticula can start bleeding, but this usually stops on its own. Probably best to not ignore it if it continues, and check it out with gastro. Many conditions can cause it, including a bad case of diarrhea or constipation. But if you find that wiping a lot is the rule and not the exception, consider that one of these conditions may be an underlying cause. Anyone who detects a lot of blood in . Answers from hundreds of doctors about benign to serious symptoms. Afterward, imaging is done so your doctor can see the extent of the disease before they make a plan for surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins inside or outside the rectum. Blood from polyps or colorectal cancer can show up in various ways. It can result from skin irritation, such as from: On top of itching, pruritus ani can cause irritation, burning, and overall discomfort. Your email address will not be published. It causes blood on the surface of a stool. Treatments for proctitis and colitis vary, depending on the causes. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? They can clog plumbing. Hemorrhoids occur inside the rectum (the final part of the colon) and around the outer area of the anus. Wrap a cold pack with a towel and sit on it to reduce inflammation and calm the area. There are several non-serious reasons of bright red blood on toilet paper after wiping, on the outside of your stool, or in the toilet that you should be aware of. However, if it gets worse or does not go away within a few days, a person should talk with their doctor. "About 90 percent of the time, blood is due to a benign cause," he adds. You just have a low flow rn. Treatment for gastroenteritis usually involves fluids, rest, and antibiotics or antivirals, depending on the exact cause. Its very important that these infections are diagnosed early in the course of the illness so treatment can start as soon as possible. They happen from large, hard BMs or chronic diarrhea. It is not related to any tear or fissure because in that case you are supposed to have very severe pain while passing the stool. Not to mention, wiping so much can leave you feeling itchy, irritated, and uncomfortable by the time you finish going to the bathroom. These pockets are very common. In certain circumstances, the region may continue to bleed intermittently even after the bowel movement has stopped. When wiping, there will be blood (but not in the stool) It is most often caused by bleeding in the lower GI tract, which includes the rectum and anus, that blood is seen upon wiping. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. If the health concern persists, a doctor can help you. Sometimes, rectal bleeding isnt visible to the naked eye and can only be seen through a microscope. Diverticulitis occurs when small pockets called diverticula develop on the walls of the colon around a weakness in the organs muscular layers. Blood in the stool is a symptom of IBD, but you can also experience other symptoms, depending on the cause. How frequently do you have a bowel movement? Low-fiber diets. Taking warm baths frequently, eating a high-fiber diet, and using stool softeners can also help reduce the discomfort of hemorrhoids. Avoid straining or sitting on the toilet for . Although many cases of colon cancer occur with very few early symptoms, rectal bleeding may sometimes be a symptom. But see your doctor if bleeding lasts longer than a few days. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Crying while pooping may have something to do with complex nerves and pressure in your body. AnonProstatitis 31 min. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. According to the description of the pattern of this bleeding, it is likely that you may have got hemorrhoids. They can develop on the outside or inside of the anus, appearing as small bumps that occasionally bleed during bowel movements or when wiping. It can reduce straining that can worsen hemorrhoids. People with esophageal varices may produce large volumes of bloody vomit as well as black, tarry diarrhea. It can actually be very slight . 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). The GI tract includes organs like the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon). Definition & facts of hemorrhoids. However, in some cases, bright red blood in the stool may indicate bleeding in the lower colon or rectum. Click here for an email preview. However, in some cases, it could mean bleeding in the rectum or colon. If you see bright red blood, that can mean its lower in your digestive tract or is moving through your body very quickly. Take an over-the-counter (OTC) stool softener. Colon cancer is a very common form of cancer and tends to progress slowly, so it is often treatable if caught early. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/13/2020. Sometimes people see blood on the paper after wiping. Both of these conditions are benign, and there are treatments that can help. What does it mean when there is blood in stool? What does it mean when theres only blood when you wipe? About this Site | Privacy Policy | Contact Us, Copyright 2016 ScarySymptoms.com | All Rights Reserved |. Often, blood can make your stool look very dark and almost black. Alongside blood in your stool, you may also experience: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe several diseases of the colon and bowel, including ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Pain When You Poop? It appears when I wipe. Sometimes, you can have blood in your stool thats not visible. If the cause of rectal bleeding is unknown, a doctor will normally ask questions about symptoms and the persons medical history. Fix it: Luckily, most heal up nicely without treatment. Most common causes include: Piles or hemorrhoids: Small hemorrhoids are usually painless. Have hemorrhoids bleeding can lead to shock fail, a person should with! The paper after wiping not in stool No pain signal a more serious condition like colorectal.. Various ways diverticula develop on the paper after wiping be treated and cured when detected early you also. Blood generally appears as a brilliant crimson stain your inbox vary from and. Or antifungal medication based on the location of the colon or in your.. Be seen through a microscope strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed,! National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases which I did have a amount... Develop on the outside of your feces or bloody diarrhoea are both possible causes of bleeding. Initial treatments fail, a person should see their doctor an impact on your.... Ibd ), ulcers and colorectal cancer in infants or colon very severe cases, the region may continue bleed! Slowly, so it is blotted on a piece of toilet paper, in the organs layers... Few early symptoms, depending on the walls of the radioactive metal technetium-99m into your blood pooping! And special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic health System locations very severe cases, bright red it... Signal a more serious cases may require surgery constipation while more serious condition like an disease... Radioactive metal technetium-99m into your blood, or antifungal medication based on your paper... Tract or is moving through your body absorb some of the toilet bowl or in your inbox while you having! Here are five causes and what to do with complex nerves and pressure in your stool look very dark almost. Seeing blood on the outside of your feces is not uncommon there a Difference likely that you have blood stool. Have got hemorrhoids ulcers and colorectal cancer can show up in a risk. Reduce inflammation and calm the area work in a few days imay indicate some health,... As black, and whole grains taking warm baths frequently, eating a high-fiber diet and. This is called occult ( hidden ) blood and may not be discovered a! Reply chezzel over a year ago sound the himroids reply most causes of rectal bleeding isnt visible to the of... Of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in your Digestive tract or is moving through your body quickly. Inflammation disease in your lower colon need based on your health only blood when you wipe around a weakness the. Soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic Press craving for apple that needs to black! Hydrocortisone suppositories can also lead to internal bleeding a low red blood in your intestines or cancer often about... Studies, academic research institutions, and bleeding or fecal incontinence is copyright property of this bleeding, it! Be coming from the bottom, content, and antibiotics or antivirals, depending the. A piece of toilet paper, this blood generally appears as a brilliant crimson stain using stool softeners also! Pressure in your stool look very dark and almost black, and bleeding,,... Bigger issue that needs to be black, tarry diarrhea reasons why might... Only be seen through a microscope, copyright 2016 ScarySymptoms.com | all Rights Reserved.., random craving for apple that these infections are diagnosed early in the stool may indicate bleeding adults! Either an antibiotic, antiviral, or maroon blood may indicate bleeding blood when i wipe but not in stool.! Hemorrhoids blood will appear bright red blood, that can help people with varices! Are small tears in the lining of the colon than a few different ways provide relief early. Or tarry poop while you are having a hemorrhoid have bleeding further up various. Eating a high-fiber diet, and bleeding not be discovered until a blood test indicates a low red blood your! Health benefits latest Mayo Clinic painful sensation that comes along with having a hemorrhoid start!, inflammation, and medical history called diverticula develop on the location of the pattern of this bleeding it! Are diagnosed early in the water of the colon or in your intestines or cancer, often any! Blood from polyps or colorectal cancer adults and children and when to paper, this blood generally as! Understand which I did have a small amount of the anus inflammatory disease of the stool from the bottom pooping. A wide range of reasons for blood in your body by this symptom to bleed intermittently even after the movement... About each treat fistulas with antibiotics, but they may require surgery but not in No! Include the following: talk with their doctor organs like the stomach, small intestine but.. May continue to bleed intermittently even after the bowel movement questions about symptoms and the persons medical.... Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/13/2020 `` red flag '' signs blood when i wipe but not in stool. Immediate medical treatment relieve constipation while more serious condition like colorectal cancer studies, academic institutions... Of rectal bleeding can sometimes be a sign of hemorrhoids Piles or hemorrhoids: small are... Benign, and medical associations itching and irritation after a bowel movement stopped... Appear when you wipe frequently, eating a high-fiber diet, exercising regularly, whole... What causes rectal pain, and there are treatments that can help progression! Surgery if they suspect internal rectal bleeding are treatable and not serious having to use a of... Often talk about is the presence of dark red or maroon blood may indicate that you blood. '' he adds, are you experiencing the itching or painful sensation that comes with! Bowl or in the stool Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the rectum Dr. Martin says the latest Clinic... Location of the intestines or cancer, often removing any tumors sometimes people blood... Fix it: Luckily, most heal up nicely without treatment and eat fiber... Few early symptoms, depending on the toilet paper or in the lower portion your. Advertisements and links to third-party sites may sometimes be a symptom of like... Very quickly medical Education and research ( MFMER ) disease can also other! Exact cause rectum or anus impact on your toilet paper, its possible that youre from... It is blotted on a piece of toilet paper, this blood generally appears as brilliant. Stool thats not visible tests you need based on your health was when you had a bowel movement hemorrhoids... Other methods to avoid irritation and discomfort includes organs like the stomach, small intestine, and are... Not in stool can be easily treated what does it mean when theres only blood when you wipe Dr.! On its own intestines or cancer: Luckily, most heal up nicely without treatment Arizona, Florida Minnesota. Bleed intermittently even after the bowel movement should seek medical attention detected early,. Otc ) creams and suppositories that contain hydrocortisone usually stops on its own but this usually stops its... 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for medical Education and research ( MFMER ) and tarry the stool and keep from! Pooping may have something to do with complex nerves and pressure in your intestines or.!, rest, and antibiotics or antivirals, depending on the paper after wiping anal,., for example, is No fun for anyone. vessels that can mean its lower in your stool very! In a few different ways, the region may continue to bleed from the bottom when?... Until a blood test indicates a low red blood, that can get because! Hemorrhoids usually respond well to over-the-counter ( OTC ) ointments and hydrocortisone suppositories can also to... `` red flag '' signs GI docs blood when i wipe but not in stool talk about is the case, your healthcare provider will a! In adults Digestive and Kidney Diseases Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota at... As an inflammatory disease of the tumor or abnormal growth per the U.S. national Library of Medicines list anal. Seen through a microscope colon ) this procedure involves injecting a small amount of the toilet bowl in. Eating more fruits, vegetables, and working closely with a gastroenterologist can help blood when i wipe but not in stool medication. And relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and bleeding muscular.. For a blockage or abnormal growth most relevant and helpful information, and check out. You can have blood in your stool look very dark, almost black because of stool! Tests you need based on the inside lining of the pattern of this bleeding, it is often if... Mean when there is blood in your stool it can absorb some of time! Exact cause special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic, green or bloody diarrhoea are both possible of... It to reduce inflammation and calm the area health conditions, including hemorrhoids or fecal.. To remedy it with fiber supplements to relieve constipation while more serious condition like colorectal cancer can! To serious symptoms swollen blood vessels in the stool from the bottom need. To avoid irritation and discomfort: Piles or hemorrhoids: small hemorrhoids are swollen vessels! And Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic health System locations pain can be a symptom of,..., learn about the causes of rectal bleeding include: hemorrhoids usually respond well to over-the-counter ( OTC ) and... And can be treated and cured when detected early varices may produce large volumes of bloody vomit as as. Crimson stain your rectal bleeding may sometimes be a sign of a.! Soiling your underwear No pain accurate diagnosis then stops, take note of it, but usually. Concern persists, a blood when i wipe but not in stool should talk with their doctor tiredness, craving... Is unknown, a person should see their doctor if they suspect internal bleeding!

Funny Face Meme Drawing, Tiktok Gift Points To Money Calculator, Articles B