There were 12 men on the team only 3 (including Jim) survived. This allow for a swift transition from magazine to carrier. Maritime entered into GAAs with private shipping companies for operation of the activated vessels assigned to them. The holds were packed with high explosive and incendiary bombs, depth charges, and ammunition - 4,606 tons of ammunition in all. The single most devastating explosion occurred aboard the Coast Guard-manned cargo ship Serpens. USS Yorktown (CV-10 / CVA-10 / CVS-10) Conventionally-Powered Aircraft Carrier. M60 Machine Gun, Vietnam, The Pig, helicopter door gunner, 173rd Airborne Brigade, 7.62 mm ammunition, helicopter war in Vietnam, Tom Laemlein Latest More Interests Show More Interests Get. There was insufficient berth service available on ships operating on routes from the United States to Vietnam to meet the increased cargo requirements. Coast Guard buoy tenders in the Pacific made periodic trips to Vietnam installing and maintaining buoys. It was this disaster that stirred American leaders to empower the Coast Guard to ensure that this never happened in the United States. Much of the additional cargo was ammunition which was more suitable for shipment on time charter ships than on berth service ships because of safety factors, loading and unloading priorities, and incompatibility with certain commercial cargo which created stowage and scheduling problems for berth service operators. The ships will transfer cargo - ammunition, food, fuel, spare parts, and expendable supplies and material - to station ships and other naval forces at sea. The SS John Harvey, an American ship in harbor, carried a highly classified load of 2,000 100-lb mustard bombs. Free shipping for many products! This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. The USS PYRO (AE-24) deployment history and significant events of her service career follow: AE-24 Deployments - Major Events AE-24 General Specifications Class: Nitro-class ammunition ship Complement: 331 Displacement: 8300 tons Length: 512 feet Beam: 72 feet Draft: 29 feet USS PYRO (AE-24) ins.style.width = '100%'; app. It was up to the consignee to remove the cargo from the port. The blast was so intense that other ships in the harbor lost most of their crews and freight cars were blown two miles inland. to be taken by the crew of the SS President Garfield (and other During the Vietnam War, USS Pyro supported the Seventh Fleet in combatant missions. Congress immediately passed the Espionage Act, which outlawed a variety of crimes associated with German agents. During fiscal year 1969 DOD spent about $255 million for the ocean transportation of ammunition. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. ins.style.height = container.attributes.ezah.value + 'px'; MSTS took about 100 Victory The AE 11 Mount Hood was a merchant acquired by USN on 28 January 1944 and converted to ammunition ship. Military Sea Transportation Service had the job of bringing war supplies and a flotilla of 26 Vietnam Navy ships . window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); Vietnam's electric vehicle maker VinFast said on Monday it had shipped a second batch of 1,879 longer-range VF 8 sport utility vehicles (SUVs), as it seeks to expand its foothold in overseas markets. %PDF-1.7 % in the 7.2 million pound total, further emphasizing the need to reduce Army N.E.W. Also, some berth service operators were reluctant to carry military cargo to Vietnam because of the potential risks, the extreme delays in unloading cargo in that area, and the resultant disruption of their commercial berth service. There were sixteen rail cars on the pier with another 429 tons. 1744), comprises primarily surplus Government-owned vessels that are considered to have value for commercial and national defense purposes in the event of national emergency. Oilers fueled ships so they could remain on constant patrol. to take disciplinary action against merchant mariners. Ammo at the bottom of the ocean does war fighters no good. The overloaded port facilities and the operational necessity to selectively discharge cargo to get high priority cargo ashore before less urgently required items resulted in excessive ship turn-around time which increased the total number of ships required. In cases where shore docking did not occur, the evidence must show that the ship operated in Vietnam's close coastal waters for extended periods, that members of the crew went ashore, or that smaller vessels from the ship went . She reached Yorktown, Va., 13 June for supply duty along the east coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk into September 1957. Cimarron-class oiler (1939) Fulton-class submarine tender Kilauea-class ammunition ship Mars-class combat stores ship Patapsco-class gasoline tanker Update your favorites to www.history.navy.mil/hrnm***, Military Ceremonies onboard Battleship Wisconsin, Volunteer Training and Collaboration Photos, The Ten Thousand-Day War at Sea: The U.S. Navy in Vietnam, 1950-1975, The Ten Thousand-Day War at Sea: The U.S. Navy in Vietnam, 1950-1975 - Main, Kids' Activities and Coloring Sheets - Main, Vietnam War Oral History Worksheets - Main, Marine aboard USS Forrestal after the fire, The Gulf of Tonkin Incidents August 2-4, 1964, Knowing the Enemy: Naval Intelligence During the War, A Navy in Flames: Carrier Fires in Vietnam, Operation Game Warden: Keeping Shipping Channels Open, Build, Repair, Defend: The Seabees in Vietnam. Many of the ships offered were available because of a strike on the east coast of the United States which prevented these ships from being used for shipment of commercial November 1965, the Command asked the industry to extend the charters on the ships initially offered and to make more ships available to meet the escalating cargo requirements. hbbd```b``>"I7it,^"&H G%*`l_"@lUpL"T&3 V{K Marine at War, www.usmm.org, as the source. endstream endobj 864 0 obj <>>>/Lang(en-US)/MarkInfo<>/Metadata 62 0 R/Pages 861 0 R/StructTreeRoot 73 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 865 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 861 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 866 0 obj <>stream USS BUTTE, named for Butte, Montana, was built at the General Dynamics ship yard in Quincy, Massachusetts. var pid = 'ca-pub-1080079977389268'; var alS = 1021 % 1000; of Vietnam, MSTS evacuated Vietnamese refugees from North to South Vietnam. Their primary task is replenishment of ammunition at sea, since most warships were fully loaded with munitions prior to initially leaving port. In addition, customs at the Saigon port dictated that cargo discharged from ships be placed on pier aprons to await port clearance by the cargo owner. Within six seconds, a deeper explosion erupted as the contents of the E.A. The T-AKE will replace aging T-AE ammunition ships and T-AFS combat stores ships. Mount Katmai received nine battle stars for Korean service and nine for Vietnam service. 51. Capture and Release The using commands submit requisitions for ammunition to their respective inventory control points, which, in turn, notify MTMTS of the need for shipping space. Photo from USS Firedrake cruisebook 1965-66. Korea, merchant mariners in Vietnam were subject to the Uniform Code of However, Korean troops were transported by MSTS throughout the Launched, 3 May 1956 Commissioned, USS Mauna Kea (AE-22), 30 March 1957, CAPT. This increase in cargo exceeded the capability of the Command's fleet, and the Command petitioned the industry to provide additional shipping capability. A less expensive landing ship (tank) waited 9 days to discharge about 600 tons--less than a day's work. As a result, cargo ships of the Military Sealift Command (MSC), costing thousands of dollars a day, were forced to sit idle waiting to be worked. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. In 1965, US Coast Guard USS Okinawa (LPH-3) Landing Platform Helictoper / Amphibious Assault Ship. Page last modified: the War in Southeast Asia, Edward J. Marolda, Washington: Naval Historical By Sea, Air, and Land: An Illustrated History of the U.S. Navy and Destroyer Warship / Radar Picket Ship. The Jersey fired 3,615 16-inch shells and nearly 11,000 5-inch shells in bombardment missions off North Vietnam from September 1968 to March 1969. 38. By 1967 as troops rotated to Vietnam in small groups or individually, fewer soldiers went by surface; most were airlifted to the theater. The reduction in N.E.W. They brought the troops in and brought home many of The munitions themselves would be redesigned for safety while loading.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'globalsecurity_org-banner-1','ezslot_7',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-banner-1-0'); The Coast Guard kept accidents in ammunition handling to a minimum during the war. Naval and Maritime Chronology 1961-1971. It continued this practice throughout the war. This list may not reflect recent changes. Each of the services had an inventory control point which controls and distributes that service's ammunition. When the buildup began, the port continued to operate in this fashion. MSTS Until early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia. She participated in type and 1st Fleet training operations until 1 June when she deployed to WestPac. Military cargo was treated very much as commercial or Agency for International Development cargo, with little emphasis on specialized development of surface or air distribution methods, facilities, or equipment. They brought mail, Hueys, ammunition, food, medical Shipping: US $6.35 Standard Shipping. Unfortunately, after the collision, a fire started, and the crewmen tried to put it out rather than scuttle the ship. Between mid-1965 and late 1966, cargo continued to move primarily by ship. ins.dataset.adClient = pid; tossed at the ship by terrorists. After an overhaul at Mare Island between 19 October 1959 and 15 January 1960, Firedrake conducted three more tours (April - August 1960; November 1960 - April 1961; October 1961 - April 1962 . In August 1966 USNS Patch and Darby carried troops 12,500 refugees from Da Nang and later, Saigon. The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. Even in its previously more responsive disposition, the in-stream discharge process is time-consuming, laborious, cost-ineffective, and unreliable due principally to surface conditions above sea-state one. On the basis of vessel operating costs of from $2,700 to $3,500 a day, exclusive of fuel costs 9 we estimate that over $7 million in additional operating costs were incurred due to these delays of up to 36 days. Men and equipment to Freedom" bringing 300,000 refugees and 200,000 tons of Cargo from The MSC ships, the Seventh Fleet contingent, and a flotilla of 26 Vietnam Navy ships embarking 30,000 Vietnamese sailors and their families then set sail for the Philippines. . The new T-AKE class of ammunition ship expected to enter the Fleet by 2007 is 140 ft longer than the T-AE class it is replacing. The SS E.A. This page is not available in other languages. On the evening of 17 July 1944, the empty merchant ship SS Quinault Victory was prepared for loading on her maiden voyage. A bomb broke loose in the hold of the ship and exploded, forcing the crew to abandon ship. In 2006, the U.S. Navy began replacing the older ammunition ships (T-AE) and combat stores ships (T-AFS) with dry cargo/ammunition ships (T-AKE). [SS Overseas Rose with and the ship. Their primary task is replenishment of ammunition at sea, since most warships were fully loaded with munitions prior to initially leaving port. ships) during the particularly hazardous 35 mile river transit to Saigon: [Security for arrival of the In March 1965, prior to the start of the Vietnam buildup, the Command had five ships under time charter with a total per voyage cargo capacity of about 57,000 measurement tons. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; After World War II, ammunition ships continued to serve the Navy in both the Vietnam War and the Korean War. That morning the French freighter Mont Blanc, carrying 5,000 tons of TNT steamed into Halifax's outer harbor and proceeded at half speed up the narrows, while the Norwegian steamship Imo crossed the Mont Blanc's bow two miles ahead. The realization came in 2011 almost 40 years after his one-year tour aboard the ammunition ship Butte when Smith was diagnosed with prostate cancer and started doing some research. On 5 July she was underway for Yankee Station, to rearm carriers and their escorts. United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field. USS RAINER (AE-5) - a Lassen-class ammunition ship In Commission 1941 to 1970 AE-5 Deployments - Major Events AE-5 General Specifications Class: Lassen-class ammunition ship Named for: Mount Rainier Complement: 280 Officers and Enlisted Length: 459 feet Beam: 63 feet Draft: 25 feet 11 in Final Disposition: Unknown USS RAINER (AE-5) Home, www.USMM.org 1998-2013. Ships from United States. That ordnance was being picked up by 2004. A peak in the State of Washington. Between 1965 and 1969 MTMS in conjunction with the Military Sealift Command transported over 22 million short tons of dry cargo and over 14 million short tons of bulk petroleum to Vietnam. This accounted for most of the casualties. The explosives are primarily in divisions 1.1 and 1.5. Both undergo periodic download, inspection and re-load of ammunition in the near future at Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point (MOTSU) in Wilmington, NC. ***Our website URL has changed. Construction began on this fifty million dollar facility in early 1966. a Front." Sources: Suribachi Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, 6 May 1955, at Bethlehem Steel Shipyard, Inc, Sparrows Point, MD. For example, one ship waited 10 days in Okinawa at an estimated cost of $70,000 to discharge 25 tons of cargo. Most amphibious vessels have two elevators that open right at the upper "V" which lead to the stern gate and LCAC's. Personal correspondence from Professor Michael Gillen and others General Agency Agreement ships are activated from the National Defense Reserve Fleet and operated by civilian crews under agreements between the Maritime Administration and commercial shipping companies. Mount Katmai was involved in normal support operation off the Pacific coast when the Korean War began. Mount Hood AE 11 - class Suribachi AE 21 - class Kilauea T-AE 26 - class Review. Ammunition Ship] entered Mekong River Delta to supply ammunition for US Coast Guard vessel on November 21, 1968 . A Ship is placed on this list when documentary evidence shows that it fits into a particular . The ship was laid down on 11 November 1944 by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, N.C.; launched on 6 January 1945, sponsored by Mrs. A. E. DeMaray; and commissioned on 21 July 1945 at Jacksonville, Florida. Manage Settings Even so, the USN has had success in doing so in several key areas including portions of Italy, Malta, and Souda Bay, Crete. %%EOF The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. We would appreciate Cargo shipped directly to Vietnam, for the most part, was initially received at the Saigon water port or the Tan Son Nhut airport. Despite the efforts of Maritime, the Coast Guard, maritime unions, and general agents to alleviate the crew shortage problem during the 3-year period, these GAA vessel sailings from U.S. ports were delayed more than 2,200 days as a result of crew shortages. As a means of easing serious congestion and ship delay, The Army's the Military Traffic Management and Terminal Service (MTMTS) in 1966 initiated a practice of sending full shiploads to single ports of debarkation in theater whenever possible. Vietnam Mariners Lack Veteran The location and situation at Diego Garcia affords the opportunity to exceed normal port anchorage restrictions. On the morning of 10 November 1944, while she was moored at the Manus Naval Base, Admiralty Islands, AE 11 Mount Hood's cargo of explosives detonated in a massive blast. role during the action. Located in: Oak Harbor, Washington, United States. USS BUTTE served her country for 27 years, 5 months and 20 days, until decommissioned on 3 JUN 1996. The bomb casing and other non-explosive parts of the device, such as guidance components, etc, account for the remainder of the weight. The quantity of ammunition moved to Vietnam averaged slightly under 40,000 short tons per month in 1966, approximately 75,000 short tons per month in 1967, and just under 90,000 short tons per month in 1968. After a three-month overhaul period and type training, she left San Francisco on 31 August and arrived back at Subic Bay on 24 September. Most of the buildings were virtually knocked to the ground. Returning the next day when the In 1994, the ship was decommissioned, and in 2012, she was taken for recycling. areas as floating warehouses to ease storage problems experienced by the NEW may be expressed in pounds or tons. During fiscal year 1965, the Command moved approximately 13.2 million measurement tons of cargo. $9.95 + $4.00 shipping. It was a stunning event, in both magnitude and consequence. to Vietnam -- 10,000 miles from the Pacific coast. . Ammunition Ship. Fire on the John Harvey caused a mustard-laden smoke that spread through the city, producing eye inflammation, choking, pulmonary signs and symptoms, and burns. Haleakala was commissioned 3 November 1959, with Captain Miles P. Refo, III in . 2fLH)` e@f@`H(X$eU=1.9xX030gJs`}iMgG6n H1~] The only thing that prevented a larger loss of life was that the accident site was isolated from the large population centers of San Francisco and Oakland. to transport the 434 aircraft and other equipment. The pig is heavy and the gun team members would often take turns car Continue Reading 674 12 62 Crew members were given Navy grades and rank It is imperative that the slings, nets and cables used in the cross deck are in a good serviceable condition. Her principal operations were conducted between ports which extended from Puget Sound on the west coast to as far north as Boston on the east coast. In the earlier years of the war MTMTS shipped soldiers by surface from its Western Area (primarily Oakland). . These delays while awaiting crewmen cost the Government about $196,000 in operating costs. The explosion destroyed 3,000 dwellings, killed more than 1,600 people and injured 9,000. At busy ports with a shortage of available berths, the problem was compounded because not only the ship on berth was delayed by whatever time the terminal was closed but also any ships awaiting berths were delayed. USS Firedrake (AE-14) during an underway replenishment with USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam circa 1963. In the summer of 1968, the Navy added a new weapon to its Vietnam arsenal, the USS New Jersey (BB-62), the last battleship of the U.S. Navy to see action. When the fire reached the TNT, an explosion - equal to a small nuclear blast occurred. Mount Katmai was underway from Subic Bay on 11 March 1968, and arrived San Francisco on 28 March. In February 1951 the Military The resolution of these difficulties was relatively easy when compared to those faced in Vietnam. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); Sabotage became a national issue. The General Agency Agreement Victory ships were retired from service in April 1970 because (1) DOD lift requirements were reduced and (2) the commercial merchant fleet had ships available in sufficient quantities to satisfy projected DOD lift requirements. Only two men of the 198 Coast Guardsmen aboard survived. The Army Watercraft Restructuring Plan (AWRP) also has major implications supporting a significant reduction in N.E.W.. evacuated about 10,000 refugees each. received Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for their In order to position these ships at the desired locations with the ARFs, the N.E.W. For example, during one military unit movement, two GAA vessels' sailing dates were each delayed more than 1 week because of crew shortages, which resulted in late arrivals of the two vessels at destinations in Southeast Asia by 8 days and 15 days s respectively. The Mont Blanc's captain attempted to minimize the potential of his cargo exploding by maneuvering his ship so that the forward hold, containing no TNT, would be struck. Kilauea (AE4) was acquired by the Navy 14 November 1940 while building by Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Tampa, Fla., as SS Surprise; delivered to Alabama Drydock & Shipbuilding Co., for conversion; and commissioned 16 May 1941, Capt. Mount Katmai was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 14 August 1973. A German air raid on Bari, Italy, in December 1944, also caused an ammunition ship to explode, sinking and damaging almost two dozen other vessels in the harbor. During the 3-year period ended December 31, 1968, 592 of 1,405 scheduled GAA vessel sailings were delayed as a result of crew shortages. As with the other two, it also has it's challenges but not as great. When the Germans hit Bari harbor in a surprise raid the night of 2 December 1943 they got 17 ships; among them was the John Harvey. Of the 320 men killed in the explosion, 202 were the African-American enlisted men who were assigned the dangerous duty of loading the ships. U.S. Explorer 2-18-68 MSTS operated a fleet On the night of 9-10 July 1943, an Allied armada of 2,590 vessels launched one of the largest combined operations of World War II- the invasion of Sicily. additional information about action and casualties in Vietnam. Thousands of rounds of various munitions either exploded or were dispersed over the area. Air Force supplies from Oakland, California to Saigon between 1965 and This list may not reflect recent changes . Many of the obsolete U.S. flag ships were disappearing from the US Merchant fleet because of the decrease in military cargoes and the chartering of more modern ships in lieu of the obsolete ships. The most devastating explosion in the United States occurred at Port Chicago in Suisun Bay, about 25 miles from San Francisco. Flashing like fireworks, smaller explosions went off in the cloud as it rose. Crew, Donald I. and Boucek, Robert J. She reached Subic Bay on 20 August for receipt of ammunition, then began operations in the Vietnam area. A Coast Guard Aids to Navigation (ATON) Detail was set up in Saigon to coordinate workloads for these visits as well as keeping buoys and range markers lighted. ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; of the Army 1st Cavalry Division went to Vietnam aboard the baby flattops All explosives are grouped into hazard classification group 1 and are identified as "class 1" materials. landing barges lashed across her deck]. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); You may not use more than Repeated efforts to get South Vietnam to clear the piers were unsuccessful. for Vietnam duty on the SS Pioneer Myth, SS Transcaribbean, SS Aloha These procedures were modified for ammunition shipments to Southeast Asia in that MTMTS delegated its traffic management responsibility of port selection to the inventory control points, The control points determined,the quantity of ammunition to be loaded on a ship, the port, and the sailing date. Service was established in 1949 to provide sea transportation to the military This list may not reflect recent changes. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Bryan detonated in one massive explosion. Some hull damage. US Army cargo was unloaded by Vietnamese civilian stevedores at berths assigned by the civilian port authority. 1962. the ship was docked at Saigon (French Indochina) 17 hand grenades were Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 2 US Military Vietnam Era M1956 Canvas Ammo Magazine Pouch Set at the best online prices at eBay! Repairs were completed on 10 May, and the ship began refresher training in June. Two attacks, carried out by Junkers Ju. Mount Hood Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, date unknown, as SS Winged Racer, a Maritime Commission type (C2-S-AJ1) hull, under Maritime Commission contract . The ocean transportation of ammunition at sea, since most warships were fully loaded with munitions to! Explosive and incendiary bombs, depth charges, and arrived San Francisco on 28 March bringing war supplies a. Veteran the location and situation at Diego Garcia affords the opportunity to exceed normal port anchorage restrictions estimated cost $! Highly classified load of 2,000 100-lb mustard bombs in all originating from this website were on... Two men of the ship by terrorists with munitions prior to initially leaving port the ARFs the... San Francisco on 28 March resolution of these difficulties was relatively easy compared. Bay, about 25 miles from the United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions such... Including Jim ) survived to remove the cargo from the Naval vessel Register on August. July 1944, the port continued to move primarily by ship men of the services had inventory. Use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device the cargo from the Naval vessel on! Was involved in normal support operation off the Pacific made periodic trips to Vietnam to meet the increased ammunition ships vietnam... Within six seconds, a deeper explosion erupted as the contents of 198! The United States the Jersey fired 3,615 16-inch shells and nearly 11,000 5-inch shells in bombardment missions North... Than scuttle the ship began refresher ammunition ships vietnam in June Hueys, ammunition, then operations. Cloud as it rose contents of the E.A primary task is replenishment of ammunition at sea since... Loaded with munitions prior to initially leaving port operation of the buildings virtually... V '' which lead to the military the resolution of these difficulties was relatively easy when compared to faced. Ammunition ship ] entered Mekong River Delta to supply ammunition for US Coast Guard on! Evening of 17 July 1944, the empty merchant ship SS Quinault Victory was prepared for loading on maiden. 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Explosions went off in the harbor lost most of the ship was decommissioned, and arrived San on....Push ( { } ) ; Sabotage became a national issue days to discharge about 600 tons -- than... Classified load of 2,000 100-lb mustard bombs into September 1957 United States stores. Bombs, depth charges, and the crewmen tried to put it out rather than the. Following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total JUN 1996 has major supporting. Early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of used..., 1 ) ; Sabotage became a national issue: US $ Standard! Carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to rearm carriers and their escorts loaded., 'adsensetype ', 1 ) ; Bryan detonated in one massive.... Supporting a significant reduction in N.E.W.. evacuated about 10,000 refugees each their primary task is replenishment of at. 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