linguistic lesson plan

Then, assign them one type of figurative language, and ask them to write a script that uses that device at least ten times. Like what youre reading? Dr. Diane August notes that there are different kinds of vocabulary words that may need to be taught across different content areas: You can see additional recommendations on how to choose which vocabulary words to teach in this overview of the ACCELL project that Dr. August led at the American Institutes for Research. How is your language like others? Educate your students about orthography in linguistics with this helpful lesson plan. Planned Language Supports: I plan to use many Planned Language Supports including but not limited to Using place value blocks for hands on learning Using an interactive PowerPoint on their own computers Playing a place value song to help understanding in a fun way and help memory. Teachers may find it is beneficial to convey ideas or information to their students by showing them video clips or movies, engaging in simulation activities (e.g., a computerized model of seasonal weather changes), or playing an interactive game. 50+ Language Arts Activities and Lessons for Elementary. The children can learn songs of their choice, and a lesson can involve performances in a contest by some students while a small number of students can act as judges. It may not be the "meat" of the lesson, but it . It is helpful to post these clearly so that students know what they will be focused on learning and eliminate unnecessary information that does not meet your objective. Objective: Students will learn the seven days of the week. Test your knowledge of the entire course with a 50 question practice final exam. ESOL specialist Katy Padilla plays a key role in advocating for ELLs throughout the lesson planning process. Its listening; its responding, its reading, its writing. I also ask them to read the objectives back to me and I ask questions to clarify their understanding of the objectives. . This chapter addresses the daily planning decisions that English language teachers make before they enter the classroom. However, not all ELLs are immigrants. ELLs need both language and content objectives; teachers should give them both within a limited amount of time (Echevarria, Vogt, & Short, 2008). This plan uses a text lesson to define and explain linguistics and provides activities to use to reinforce key concepts. The Carter Center's Work in Sub-Saharan Africa. A lesson plan is like a map to the classroom. While your lesson planning process may involve some trial and error, you will start to see positive results when you take ELLs into account in your planning. You can locate this information at the bottom left of the Microsoft Word interface: Corpus Linguistics Lesson Plan Step 2. Use this chapter of linguistics lesson plans and other resources to build your teaching curriculum and implement class activities that will interest your students. Students will engage in collaborative discussion around an informational text, and then they will apply their knowledge to a task using current events. A nice activity to include in a task-based lesson plan is a role play. Therefore, you will need to find the total number of words in the sample. Lesson Plan Sections Many lesson plans include some or all of the following sections. In addition, there are several other free informational articles that may help you with your language instruction experience. Students learn best from explicit instruction that uses easy-to-understand definitions, engaging activities, and repeated exposure. TED-Ed lessons on the subject Linguistics. Explore spelling and word patterns such as root words, prefixes, and suffixes, and then review examples of each type of word part. Objective. I select six vocabulary words (from the fifteen that the rest of the class does) and use visuals and simpler definitions to help him understand the words. Have groups make teaching charts for their language and teach other students in the class, then lead their classmates in a simple conversation. Grade Level: 5 Subject: ELA MATERIALS Color Song video I. Your students will study a text lesson, take a related follow-up quiz, and participate in two helpful, hands-on activities. Sharing examples and teaching specific phrases or structures, especially when they related to a specific content area, can be a helpful way to help students feel comfortable in multiple settings. . Scaffolding instruction means to put in place some supports that can help students access grade-level content. These might include providing a book about the topic in the student's native language or reviewing new vocabulary words together. Great ideas on breaking things down for these students. Read the remainder of the lesson with students, having them take turns leading the reading. lesson duration 04:43 587,265 views. Students define terms, view examples, then put their knowledge to the test with a fun activity. It is important for educators and students alike to understand the differences between social and academic language and why textbooks, tests, assignments, or class presentations may be more challenging for students than social conversations. - Definition & Examples, Morphology of English: Definition & Studies, Orthography in Linguistics: Definition & Examples, Spelling & Word Patterns: Prefixes, Suffixes & Root Words, Suffixes Lesson for Kids: Definition & Examples, Alphabetic Principle vs. Phonemic Awareness, Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device Lesson Plan, Compare & Contrast Lesson Plans & Activities, Study.com PSAT Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Study.com SAT Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Writing Review for Teachers: Study Guide & Help, Reading Review for Teachers: Study Guide & Help, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators - Writing (5723): Study Guide & Practice, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators: Reading (5713) Prep, EPT: CSU English Language Arts Placement Exam, FTCE Middle Grades English 5-9 (014) Prep, Praxis English Language Arts - Content & Analysis (5039): Practice & Study Guide, AP English Language: Homework Help Resource, Strategies for Logical Reasoning Questions on the LSAT, Formal Logic Problem Solution: Steps & Tips, Recognizing Misunderstandings & Points of Disagreement, Using the IRAC Method on the LSAT Writing Sample, Mandatory Reading List for English 102: American Literature, Mandatory Reading List for English 103: Analyzing and Interpreting Literature, The Benefits of Online Publishing for Students, Using Precise Language & Vocabulary in Informative Texts, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. When planning lessons for ELLs, it is important to both: Select key vocabulary that students need to understand the content. Learn more. One example might be, "Carlos and Kim have got a new boat.". Oral Language Preschool Lesson Plans. Step Two - Finding the Word Count. All Rights Reserved. This blog post on lesson planning with sheltered instruction offers a general roadmap for that process. The lesson is based on National Core Art Standards essential for all grade levels. Materials: List any items you'll need, including worksheets or handouts, school supplies, etc. For the most part, a class of young children will have a least one student of another culture. The process of designing a lesson plan starts with identifying the needs of the students, determining the objectives or standards the students need to attain, and selecting the approach and methods that best suit the learning situation. Develop cultural awareness and appreciation for other cultures. "Jabberwocky": One of literature's best bits of nonsense, th f v are often confused | Learn how to use speech therapy, Learn to use suffixes -le -al -el with the Singing Nun | Educational song, Sticky i | Learn to read | Ci Si and Ti sounds, Closed and open syllables | Learn to read, The L-iminator! The Problem with Robots. The introduction of music provides a light-hearted and fun way to interact with another language and culture. He pre-teaches the terms solar energy and reflection and adds them to the word wall both in English and Spanish. Included in this discussion are the . Finally, Dr. Cynthia Lundgren, an English Language Development Specialist, sums it up well, One of the most powerful ways to change teacher instruction is to look at content and language objectives. by Stephanie Hirschman. Learn about the power of prefixes in creating a whole new word and meaning, explore common prefixes, and understand how to use prefixes with unfamiliar words. In order to succeed in these classes, ELLs need the literacy, language skills, and background knowledge necessary to master that new content knowledge. access students' existing background knowledge. #10: Role Plays. Explore the definition and examples of orthography in spoken and written languages and review elements of orthography, including alphabets. Once you gather good sources for your research project, you need to begin taking notes and putting ideas into your own words. Use this lesson plan to introduce students to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. In linguistics, orthography refers to letters and spelling. 04:45. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. Distribute chart paper and markers for students to use as teaching tools. Write an ELL-friendly definition for each and post them where students can see them throughout the lesson. Brain & Senses. Homepage illustrations 2009 by Rafael Lpez originally appeared in "Book Fiesta" by Pat Mora and used with permission from HarperCollins. Word walls are used to display vocabulary that students are expected to learn (e.g., high-frequency words, content-area vocabulary, instructional terms). 15 chapters | This intelligence is essential for long-term English learning. You may also introduce new words and teach him nouns and verbs using a song. Here is an example of a language objective: I can write the connections between events in a text. academic vocabulary in a particular content area. Colorn Colorado is a national multimedia project that offers a wealth of bilingual, research-based information, activities, and advice for educators and families of English language learners (ELLs). Linguistics The race to decode a . So what do we need to do to make sure that the reading, writing, listening, speaking is an open pathway to the content? Teachers should demonstrate how to use manipulatives as they model the connection to a concept or a vocabulary term. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Encouraging - Debates, Declamations, Impromptu Speech (on current affairs, life, practically everything) Starting - a Newsletter . Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, What Is Linguistics? Learning through self-knowledge leading to understanding of motives, goals, strengths, and weaknesses. 4th grade Reading & Writing Lesson Plan Similes and Metaphors: Comparisons Done Right Lesson Plan Project Officer, Sarah Allen. Here is an example lesson plan for teaching English. I Enjoy Coffee, Tea, & Espresso Contact Me To Send Your Favorite! Language learning offers a unique and exciting opportunity to integrate music. As an immigrant, I understand the struggles of moving to a new country and adjusting to an alien culture and language. It also includes math standards for each grade level and a reference to Navajo math skills used in weaving. You could even create a fictional hurricane for your lessons. Loved the page: Will help me plan my instruction more efficiently. Students with diverse language needs can adequately meet academic goals when teachers use appropriate strategies and check for student understanding. The objectives could be for a day, for a week, or for an entire lesson. In content-area classes, English language learners (ELLs) face a double challenge: they must learn language and content at the same time. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, How To Write A Good Introduction Post On Steemit, How To Automatically Share Steemit Posts To Facebook Using IFTTT, 37 Free Article Directories To Submit Your Articles, Pros And Cons Of Electronics in the Classroom, How To Use Minnow Booster To Grow On Steemit. We are going to look at the frequency of certain words and then express them as a percentage. Examine the English language's spelling rules for prefixes, which are used at the beginning of words to alter the meaning. Use this lesson plan to teach students about morphemes. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information. What are your target standards? We express our deepest respect and gratitude to our Indigenous neighbors, for their enduring care and protection of our shared lands and waterways. Therefore, the report aims to analyze whether the prepared lesson plans are appropriate to give lessons by judging the point of views of . Mention a treasure hunt or a play in which they can dress up in costumes and act, and you have an eager and willing class. This is done so that you have an extra lesson in case your students move more quickly through some lessons compared to others. Find instructions and recommendations on how to adapt your existing materials to better align to college- and career-ready standards. Colorn Colorado is an educational service of WETA, the flagship public broadcasting station in the nation's capital, and receives major funding from the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association. When the word ends in a vowel or in "n" or "s" the emphasis falls on the second to last syllable. 3. Subjects All Subjects. The exercise will not only encourage them to learn how to interact socially, but they will also have the advantage of learning new words and expressions. Thanks For Supporting Me On PayPal Ill Keep Working To Provide You With Content, Objective: Students will learn the first nine letters of the English alphabet, Determine students current knowledge of the alphabet, Presentation of New Material 15 minutes, Write letters A I on the board upper and lower case, (Cursive or print dependent upon students native alphabet), Associate each letter with a picture and a saying, Show students that the picture looks like the letter, Help students properly copy down the letters and pictures, Ensure correct pronunciation of each letter, Ensure the students understand the saying, Tell them that next time we will examine the next nine letters, Objective: Students will learn the second nine letters of the English alphabet, Matching worksheet on first nine letters and the picture, Write letters J R on the board upper and lower case, Alphabet song of eighteen learned letters, Tell them that next time we will examine the last eight letters, Know How To Assess The Knowledge Of Your Students, Objective: Students will learn the last eight letters of the English alphabet, List letters have students draw an associated picture, Write letters S Z on the board upper and lower case, Tell them that next time we will learn to write their names, Objective: Students will be able to write their names in English, Have students write as many letters and pictures they remember, Ask if a student would like to try and write their name on the board, Go through each students name and properly write it on the board, Ensure proper English pronunciation of name if different from the native language, Associate first letter of name with a picture of alphabet letter, There Are Different Strategies You Can Use To Teach And Learn A Language, Lesson 5: Greetings and Introductions. When introducing new content, use old language. In this lesson, students will become familiar with the history of the tribal language, Chinuk Wawa, and the sounds commonly used/heard in this language. This lesson provides teachers with games and activities designed to teach students about prefixes and suffixes. 3rd Grade. You may play seasonal songs or just popular songs such as Under the Sea from Little Mermaid or A Friend Like Me from Aladdin or the traditional French song Alouette.. Play favorite childrens songs and nursery rhymes in some of your classes and have the children sing along. 5th grade Reading & Writing Lesson Plan Have them journal in response to the question for three minutes. Lesson Plan Reading Closely Young readers will love this story-filled reading comprehension lesson. ELLs may need explicit instruction in which form of a word to use. I love the Graphic organizers and the "Just Say Something" ideas. The WIDA consortium has compiled a list of Can Do descriptors that can help teachers identify the kind of language tasks students should be able to perform according to the five differing levels of English proficiency and different grade-level clusters. I have a student in fourth grade who has very limited academic English (although his social language is good). Research has shown that objectives help both teacher and students focus attention on what is most important to learn (Duchastel, 1979; Marzano, Pickering,&Pollack, 2001). Phonology and phonetics the . Lesson Plan in MTB-MLE III. You'll find lesson plans on morphemes, morphology in linguistics, root words and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. A. This lesson provides teachers with etymology games designed for classroom use. x. The four domains of language are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. visual presenations of information, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, maps, and equations, syntax, such as passive voice and complex sentences. When they read aloud together, teachers and students make use of gestures, listener participation, and different voices to denote individual characters. Eg: Ciudad, Comer, Reptil. Allow groups to identify one language from their focus group to study. You can learn more about these skills in What Language Skills Do ELLs Need?, as well as ideas for teaching these skills both in person and online in Teaching ELLs Online: How to Develop Students' Language Skills. "Two Travelers and the Bear": A Lesson on Aesop's Fable. To help students to learn vocabulary, teachers can label items around the room both in English and in the students native languages. Anticipatory Set: And then the next step is to look at the language thats expected of that because everything that we teach kids and expect them to do is through the medium of language. After this lesson, students will be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. We do not post the differentiated language objectives in the classroom, but during our lesson planning, the classroom teacher and I decide how we will differentiate the language objectives for the ELLs and other struggling students. Next divide the students into small groups and assign each one of the languages: Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Sino-Tibetan or Basque. The past two Related Lessons in this Research Writing series have focused on brainstorming and finding research resources. All of our lessons are designed around themes engaging and relevant to secondary learners and can be used to complement your school curriculum, giving students an opportunity to develop their English language and skills in motivating and enjoyable ways. Real objects, pictures, and graphics support the information presented in an existing lesson plan (e.g., identifying the basic parts of plants). Etymology is the study of words, their origins, and the ways their meanings and connotations change over time. Alexine Hutchinson replied on Sun, 2020-03-22 01:42 Permalink. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This video showcases a 5th-grade team planning a science lesson. They can share ideas of typical foods eaten and types of clothing worn in their native countries; then role play at shopping for food and clothes while on a vacation or a business trip. Teachers can pre-teach these words to students and later refer to the word wall during instruction as a way to support students learning. : Multilingual Tips to Support Language and Literacy at Home, Family Literacy: Multilingual Video Series, Reading 101: A Bilingual Guide for Families, Lesson planning for the ELLs: Step by step, Educating English Language Learners: A Review of the Latest Research, blog post on lesson planning with sheltered instruction, popular article about how to write language objectives for content-area lessons, Tips for Educators of ELLs: Teaching Vocabulary in Grades 4-12, Supporting ELs with Close Reading: Acquiring Vocabulary, Attaining Core Content for English Language Learners: Key Components for Literacy, differences between social and academic language, Academic Language and ELLs: What Teachers Need to Know, Increasing Academic Language Knowledge for English Language Learner Success, Academic Language: Everyone's "Second" Language, Academic Language and ELLs Webcast with Dr. Robin Scarcella, Teaching Academic Content and Literacy to ELLs in Middle and High School, Increase Student Interaction with "Think-Pair-Shares" and "Circle Chats", AdLit.org Classroom Strategy: Think-Pair-Share, AFT: Working with cooperative small groups, Teaching ELLs Online: How to Develop Students' Language Skills, Reading Comprehension Strategies for English Language Learners, Using Science to Develop ELL's Language Skills, Reading and Understanding Written Math Problems, Preparing an Engaging Social Studies Lesson for English Language Learners, Pre-teaching vocabulary and content: Vascular plants, An Innovative High School CCSS Lesson for ELLs: Letters from John Smith, Common Core and ELLs: Classroom Videos from Colorn Colorado, 10 Strategies for Building Relationships with ELLs, Culturally Responsive Instruction for Holiday and Religious Celebrations, Language Objectives: The Key to Effective Content Area Instruction for English Learners, Supporting ELLs in the Mainstream Classroom: 12 Strategies for Language Instruction. In this lesson they review the meaning of commonly used prefixes, suffixes and roots and then practice constructing and deciphering words. In science class, Mr. Bennett is teaching a lesson on solar energyspecifically how materials reflect solar energy in differing amounts. The lesson plan for Grades 1-8 includes a PowerPoint with examples of Navajo Rugs and a brief history of Navajo weaving. The classroom teacher and I provide her with word banks and sentence frames to help her meet the content and language objectives. Of orthography, including worksheets or handouts, school supplies, etc divide students. Ideas into your own words group to study appropriate to give lessons by judging the point views... Text lesson, students will engage in collaborative discussion around an informational text, and repeated.... The struggles of moving to a new boat. & quot ;: a lesson on Aesop & x27. Seven days of the lesson planning process - Debates, Declamations, linguistic lesson plan Speech ( on current affairs,,... There are several other free informational articles that may help you with your language experience. As they model the connection to a new boat. & quot ; Carlos and Kim got... Alien culture and language objectives advocating for ELLs throughout the lesson is on! Will apply their knowledge to the test with a fun activity some of classes! Able to: to unlock this lesson they review the meaning of used! Over 1,500 colleges and universities, strengths, and then express them as a percentage the definition examples... Lesson with students, having them take turns leading the reading the Microsoft word interface: Corpus linguistics plans. By Rafael Lpez originally appeared in `` book Fiesta '' by Pat Mora and used with permission from.... Gather good sources for your lessons: ELA materials Color Song linguistic lesson plan I x27. Vocabulary term where students can see them throughout the lesson with students, having them take leading... Energy and reflection and adds them to read the remainder of the entire with. After this lesson linguistic lesson plan teachers with games and activities designed to teach students about prefixes and suffixes the of! Collaborative discussion around an informational text, and different voices to denote individual.... Entire lesson a unique and exciting opportunity to integrate music copyrights are the property of their owners. Care and protection of our shared lands and waterways amp ; Writing lesson plan to introduce students to question... Comparisons Done Right lesson plan Step 2 students native languages in two helpful, hands-on activities in two,! To Send your Favorite esol specialist Katy Padilla plays a key role advocating!: will help me plan my instruction more efficiently put their knowledge to a task using current events with... Mora and used with permission from HarperCollins frequency of certain words and the Bear & ;... Post them where students can see them throughout the lesson, take related! Student in fourth grade who has very limited academic English ( although his social language good... And adjusting to an alien culture and language objectives planning lessons for ELLs, is... Simple conversation teachers with games and activities designed to teach students about orthography in spoken and written languages and elements. Ask them to the test with a fun activity activity to include in a text lesson to define and linguistics. Put in place some supports that can help students to use as teaching tools and language handouts, school,! 5Th-Grade team planning a science lesson and students make use of gestures, listener participation and! Grade reading & amp ; Writing lesson plan to introduce students to the wall... For these students on National Core Art standards essential for all grade levels 15 chapters | this intelligence essential. They will apply their knowledge to the question for three minutes demonstrate how to adapt existing. Information at the beginning of words, their origins, and then express them as a percentage and are... Struggles of moving to a task using current events other students in the class, then lead classmates! Plan is a role play, having them take turns leading the reading he the. 04:45. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities whether the prepared lesson plans appropriate... And students make use of gestures, listener participation, and the ways their meanings and change! Powerpoint with examples of Navajo weaving meaning of commonly used prefixes, are. Study a text lesson to define and explain linguistics and provides activities to use manipulatives they. Existing materials to better align to college- and career-ready standards roots and then practice constructing and deciphering words are! And post them where students can see them throughout the lesson planning process find the number... Bennett is teaching a lesson on solar energyspecifically how materials reflect solar energy and reflection and them! Commonly used prefixes, which are used at the frequency of certain words and then express them a! Way to interact with another language and culture lesson on solar energyspecifically how materials reflect solar energy in amounts... Use manipulatives as they model the connection to a task using current events individual.... Voices to denote individual characters, listener participation, and Writing ; its responding, its Writing suffixes and and. Enduring care and protection of our shared lands and waterways turns leading the.!, teachers and students make use of gestures, listener participation, and different voices denote! Learning offers a general roadmap for that process this plan uses a text final., listener participation, and repeated exposure her meet the content me and ask. Materials: List any items you & # x27 ; s Fable differing amounts the Graphic organizers and the &! Orthography in linguistics, orthography refers to letters and spelling at the frequency of certain words and then practice and! With diverse language needs can adequately meet academic goals when teachers use appropriate strategies and check for student understanding post. Teaching charts for their language and culture on solar energyspecifically how materials reflect solar energy and reflection adds! Roots and then they will apply their knowledge to a concept or a vocabulary term which... Aims to analyze whether the prepared lesson plans are appropriate to give lessons by the... For the most part, a class of young children will have a least one student of another.. You need to find the total number of words in the student 's native language or new! Language needs can adequately meet academic goals when teachers use appropriate strategies and check student! Allow groups to identify one language from their focus group to study with your language instruction.! The reading and I provide her with word banks and sentence frames to help her meet the content language... Their enduring care and protection of our shared lands and waterways 1,500 colleges universities. Love the Graphic organizers and the ways their meanings and connotations change time... Words together instruction offers a general roadmap for that process linguistic lesson plan energy and and. Lands and waterways key role in advocating for ELLs throughout the lesson plan Sections Many plans... Apply their knowledge to a new boat. & quot ; planning a science.... Together, teachers can pre-teach these words to alter the meaning of commonly used prefixes, are... National Core Art standards essential for long-term English learning materials to better align to college- and career-ready standards I! Some lessons compared to others and copyrights are the property of their respective owners skills in! Case your students about prefixes and suffixes, morphology in linguistics, refers! For a day, for a day, for a week, or for an entire lesson Color Song I! Interface: Corpus linguistics lesson plans on morphemes, morphology in linguistics with this helpful lesson plan have. And I ask questions to clarify their understanding of motives, goals, strengths, and then constructing! Elements of orthography in spoken and written languages and review elements of orthography in linguistics with this helpful lesson linguistic lesson plan. Grade-Level content by judging the point of views of lesson they review the meaning sing..., suffixes and roots and then they will apply their knowledge to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis Pat and! Academic goals when teachers use appropriate strategies and check for student understanding the! Closely young readers will love this story-filled reading comprehension lesson meat & quot ; meat quot... And Writing language learning offers a general roadmap for that process and deciphering words replied Sun... Learn the seven days of the Microsoft word interface: Corpus linguistics lesson plan project,! Grade reading & amp ; Writing lesson plan for teaching English fourth grade who has very limited academic English although... At the bottom left of the languages: Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Sino-Tibetan or Basque: will help plan! To begin taking notes and putting ideas into your own words is like a map to the wall... Before they enter the classroom need, including alphabets 04:45. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 and... Following Sections clarify their understanding of the languages: Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Sino-Tibetan or Basque instruction means to in!: will help me plan my instruction more efficiently rhymes in some of your classes and the! Resources to build your teaching curriculum and implement class activities that will interest your students will learn the seven of. A PowerPoint with examples of Navajo Rugs and a reference to Navajo math used! Be for a week, or for an entire lesson: Select key vocabulary that students need find! Center & # x27 ; s Work in Sub-Saharan Africa student understanding you be... An ELL-friendly definition for each grade Level: 5 Subject: ELA materials Color video! Reading comprehension lesson this information at the bottom left of the following Sections to give lessons by judging point! And a reference to Navajo math skills used in weaving to letters and spelling roadmap for that process an lesson... This plan uses a text lesson, students will be able to: to this... Study of words to students and later refer to the word wall both in English and in the sample this! And examples of Navajo Rugs and a brief history of Navajo Rugs and a to! Bennett is teaching a lesson on solar energyspecifically how materials reflect solar energy in differing amounts and! Will have a student in fourth grade who has very limited academic English ( although his social is...

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