Esu hurries to Olodumares realm of Orun with the news, and Olodumare stops the rains. A mother goddess (the patron deity of women and the Ogun river). 12 African Gods and Goddesses: The Orisha Pantheon Syed Rafid Kabir | African History , Ancient Civilizations , Gods and Goddesses | January 9, 2023 July 2, 2022 Lions, elephants, vast stretches of the jungle with venomous snakes, or an endless sea of sand stalked by nefarious scorpions. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Worship is directed at the orisha that dwells within the natural phenomenon, often at the site where the natural phenomenon manifests itself. Get or read online Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses books directly on your Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses Book PDF | Download Or Read Online Orisha worshippers see the tamed natural force and the deified ancestor as indissolubly linked. Metaphysical personifications or spirits. WebThe reciprocity of service between gods and humans is essen- tially the giving of strength, the renewal of ase to the orisa through blood sacrifice of animals designated as belonging to a specific deity. They are not demons, however, because according to Yoruba belief, all things in creation natural and supernatural are possessed of the aspects of positivity (ire) and negativity (ibi) and so nothing can be understood as wholly good or completely evil. Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. The witnessing object for the ori-inu is a shrine for the head called ile ori (house of the head), a pointed crownlike container covered with cowrie shells, whose white colour indicates purity and good character. WebOrishas (singular: orisha) are spirits that play a key role in the Yoruba religion of West Africa and several religions of the African diaspora that derive from it, such as Cuban, Dominican and Puerto Rican Santera and Brazilian Candombl. Oshun is commonly called the river orisha, or goddess, in the Yoruba religion and is typically associated with water, purity, fertility, love, and sensuality. Ogun by Eran Fowler When associated with the latter, Eshu is the deity of mischief. WebFREE DOWNLOAD Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses book in PDF, EPUB and Kindle format. An orisha may be said to be a deity. The beliefs of the Yoruba faith were passed down orally for generations until committed to writing and so there are a number of different versions of the same stories. Sky Woman: The Overlooked Iroquois Influence on America, Harry Reid: We May Be Close to Finding Out Truth About UFOs, DNA Results Show The Elongated Paracas Skulls Are Not Native American, The mysteries of Ancient Egypts Saqqara Bird, Evidence of Ancient Advanced Technology: The Great Pyramid of Giza, Flat-Earthers going to Antarctica seeking truth about our flat Earth. WebThe reciprocity of service between gods and humans is essen- tially the giving of strength, the renewal of ase to the orisa through blood sacrifice of animals designated as belonging to a specific deity. Prophet's Birthday: history of the holiday, when is it in 2022? He is renowned for his skills in witchcraft and is a good friend to the nature spirits of Africa. He created the Orishas to be mediators between himself and the people. In Yoruba cosmology, Olodumare sits at the top of the hierarchy, and everything else descends down from him: Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! She guides her followers between the world of the dead and the living, preserving the memories of their ancestors. As the people began to reproduce, new lands were required for them to settle. There are several stories regarding how the deification of Erinle occurred. Transmission of orisha beliefs outside Africa, Contemporary practices of orisha devotees, Indiana University Bloomington Computer Science - The Orishas. To the benefit of human beings, the orishas mediate between humanity and these forces of the natural world by putting the tamable aspects of nature under human control while standing between humanity and that part of nature that cannot be tamed, hemmed in, or controlled by human beings. WebThe Supreme God has three manifestations: Olodumare - The Lord God of the Source of Creation; Olorun - The Lord God of Heaven; Olofi - The Lord God of the Palace, conduit between Orn (Heaven) and Ay (Earth). Olorun sent them Ogun, god of crafts, to find a suitable habitat. The Yoruba use the head as a metaphor for supremacy and chieftainship; it means the first in rank and status, the most important and influential person or official. An Orisha is a God or a Goddess from the Yoruba Religion and Mythology. Yoruba mythology states that Olodumare is the most powerful god. He can see into the distant past and the far-flung future, granting him with a profound wisdom. As time went on, however, people began to complain about this situation noting how, if everyone had everything they needed, and if everyone was equal, no one could be any different from their neighbor and they had no goals to strive for. Rather than willfully trying to misguide them, his aim is to enrich their life experience, leading them to a spiritual maturation through their transgressions. Yoruba people usually think of Yemoja as the metaphysical mother of all the orishas, but, according to myth, she also took part in the creation of the human race. Although there is much variation in the details of the rituals and mythology of these deities among these West African peoples, the underlying religious concept is essentially the same. She is kind and generous to her followers, but when brought to anger she can cause untold destruction. Their number is usually given as 400 + 1 as a kind of shorthand for "without number" or innumerable. The number of orishas varies among believers. The number of orishas varies among believers. These Are The 10 Avatars Of Vishnu, One Of The Main Ancient Hindu Deities, 14 Massive Monoliths Of The Ancient World. They are also venerated by the Edo of southeastern Nigeria; the Ewe of Ghana, Benin, and Togo; and the Fon of Benin (who refer to them as voduns). "Orisha." Some personifications of natural forces are: Related to the sea, especially the seabed, Olokun is considered one of the most powerful, mysterious, and impulsive deities of the Yoruba pantheon. He is said to live in the forest with his Orisha brothers part of the time. This is the case of Yemoja, also called Yemaya, who is considered both a primordial deity and the personification of a natural force. The Orishas exist to help humans reach their goal of self-actualization, but these entities are not perfect themselves and sometimes get in peoples way, often without meaning to, because they each have their own individual personality and flaws just as humans do. As a spirit of Chaos and Trickery, he frequently tempts mortals from their moral path. His rule lasted for seven years and ended when Shango was dethroned by one of his former allies. WebOshun, also spelled Osun, an orisha (deity) of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. At this stage of the tale, the orishas were simply intermediaries between humans and the gods. He is often viewed as a solitary figure who lives in the wilderness, practicing the ancient craft of shamanism. Christianity spread massively in the nineteenth century when the Europeans penetrated Nigeria. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He inspires humans to overcome their physical and psychological barriers which impede their growth. Yet defining an orisha as a deity does not do justice to the concept, in large part because the term deity often suggests a sort of anthropomorphic supernatural entity. His reign ended when he inadvertently destroyed his palace with lightning. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Golgotha Cross What Is It and What Does It Mean? 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In one tale, the Orishas gather to discuss how they can rid themselves of Olodumare and decide to scare him to death by inviting him to one of their huts and then releasing mice, which Olodumare was afraid of, into the room at dinner. Article by Simon E. Davies, contributor to Ancient Code. The twelve goddesses described here are known as the Orisha (divine spirits) who are protective deities, often teaching their followers the secrets of the natural world. But one concern remained in Orunmilas mind: How was he going to select who was to have which power without being perceived as unfair or arbitrary for the distribution? Orunmila did as he had told, and thus, the orishas were turned into deities as they each caught a special power. wn r knrin (male orishas), wn r Obinrin (Female Orishas), Difference between Yoruba r worship and what is practiced among Afro-Hispanics, "Deities of the Yoruba and Fon Religions | Encyclopedia.com", "Yoruba gods and goddesses: their history explained in detail", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yoruba_deities&oldid=1131964538, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Mawu was also a creative goddess, who was tasked with fashioning all other life on Earth. Others, who descended to the Earth to be adored in their human incarnations, were called irunmole. They emanated directly from God without any human aid. Remnants of the Yoruba language is still used ceremoniously as a ritual language, and is referred to as Lukum. Plants and animals, though at the bottom of the ladder, are not considered of less value than humans or ancestors, only less capable of agency. Because each orisha has particular occupations, places, skills, preferences, diseases, problems, capabilities, and misfortunes with which it is closely associated, devoteesthrough the orishas priesthoodcan make appeals to the orisha that is best able to resolve the problem they are experiencing. This list includes the major Orishas honored in the United States, according to scholars and practitioners. In isolation he learned humility, becoming Babal-Ay. As Orisha of love, Oshun is represented as a beautiful, charming and coquettish young woman. Another daughter of Nana is Olokun, an ocean goddess. Orisha of the forest, the animals, and herbal healing. He is a patron of sexual diversity, celebrating lesbian, gay and bisexual people. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Oshun is commonly called the river orisha, or goddess, in the Yoruba religion and is typically associated with water, purity, fertility, love, and sensuality. She is kind and generous to her followers, but when brought to anger she can cause untold destruction. Their number is usually given as 400 + 1 as a kind of shorthand for "without number" or innumerable. However, contrary to the missionaries and the Diasporas view, Olodumare-Oloorun is a powerful God that is always present in everything, even though He is above the Orishas and all people on earth. In this version, the orishas fall into three categories: primordial deities, deified ancestors, and personifications of natural forces. Yoruba gods and goddesses. On this page, Ill present you all you need to know about Orishas and how to understand them in and out from their original context the Yoruba Religion. Her emblem is a large seashell which she uses as a currency. More than 80% of the Cuban population are Santeria believers or Yoruba Orisha worshippers. As a guardian of the earth, she has been known to take the guise of a formidable warrior when necessary to protect those she loves. Later these ancestors disappearedoften, according to tradition, in a remarkable manner, such as by sinking into the ground, rising into the heavens on chains, committing suicide and not dying, or turning to stone. Elegua, Yemay (Yemja), Oshn (un), Shang (Sang), Obatal, Oya, and Ogn etc. Brazil, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad, and Tobago are the Americas countries where Yoruba cultural influences are the most noticeable, particularly in popular religions like Vodon, Santria, Camdombl, and Macumba. The Orisha are said to be manifestations of an all-powerful God, (a belief known as Pantheism).Nana Buluku is a Creator Goddess, great-grandmother of all the Yoruba pantheon. The orisha was very enthusiastic about his mission, but he got very drunk before finishing it and neglected his creational duties. Yoruba gods and goddesses are worshipped in Nigeria, Cuba, and Brazil. She holds the secrets of botany and is a master of potions and healing herbs. Orisha (also given as Orisa and Orishas) are supernatural entities usually referred to as deities in the Yoruba religion of West Africa, though they are actually emanations or avatars of the supreme being Olodumare. Detail of the mural by Said Musa, presenting Yemaya, an Orisha Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Orisha of medicine, healing, and comfort, physician to the gods. anting him with a profound wisdom. He is envisioned as an extremely wealthy deity, dressed in refined garments, adorned with coral beads and plumage from a hunted game. Erinle is a wilderness god, associated with hunting, herbalism and animal husbandry. Olorun agreed and gave Obatala a shell to help fashion this new world. For instance, according to myth, Olokun once got enraged and tried to destroy the human race with a deluge. READ ALSO: Most populated religion in Nigeria: is it Christianity or Islam? Kokou by Assasin Monkey Those who worship him often seek personal empowerment, in order to make themselves better leaders. World History Encyclopedia. His formidable power and has empowered humans to build civilizations and thrive from his wealth and abundance. Her masquerades include the making of offerings as well as the honoring of ancestors in thanks for past and future aid. St. Peter may have established the Church but still denied Christ three times, just as Ogun may have been understood as a source of strength and healing but still tried to rape Oshun in one of the stories where she is rescued by Yemaya. After being defeated, Iku lost her status as an orisha, however, Yoruba practitioners still regard her as one of the primordial forces of the universe. Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. Aja is a patron of the forest and all the animals within it. WebFREE DOWNLOAD Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses book in PDF, EPUB and Kindle format. Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. They were given aid, however, through the efforts of the Orishas. Olodumare stopped the rains. World History Encyclopedia. Orisha (also given as Orisa and Orishas) are supernatural entities usually referred to as deities in the Yoruba religion of West Africa, though they are actually emanations or avatars of the supreme being Olodumare. With her destructive qualities, she brings change to the cosmos, an important element of the balance of life. However, it becomes the responsibility of the orishas human descendants to transmit to subsequent generations the objects and secrets through which human beings can interact with the orisha. Ogun was linked with St Peter, for he was the 'rock' upon which Jesus build the church. (2). The number of orishas varies among believers. In the Orishas case, Olodumare had allowed life to continue as it had before, but the supreme deity had made clear to humanity that, once they chose inequality as the basis of their existence, they could not go back to their former lives. Olodumare created the Yoruba people through Oduduwa. Oshun (pronounced O-shan, also given as Osun) is a supernatural A devotee of Oshun, carved wood kneeling female figure. An Orisha is a God or a Goddess from the Yoruba Religion and Mythology. The Supreme God has three manifestations: These are the major orisha worshipped in Santera / Regla de Ocha / Lucum religion: As one can see, Babal-Ay (whom "Ricky Ricardo" sings to in his famous song) is a very lesser deity in Afro-Hispanic worship. The animating force is known as Ashe (or Ase) and is essentially life itself as it is in constant motion and transformation. Orisha of the Earth (strongly associated with. This list includes the major Orishas honored in the United States, according to scholars and practitioners. The Yoruba religion is constituted by a conglomerate of beliefs, primarily from the territory comprising modern-day Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, and Benin. Babal-Ay (originally Shopona) is a healing god. Oshun can be spiteful, Shango impatient, Esu deceitful, Yemaya wrathful, and so on. Last modified October 06, 2021. Orunmila - spirit of wisdom, divination, destiny, and foresight WebOrisha embodies. Aganju was the next Orisha to manifest on earth. He is the most feared of the Orisha. WebThe Orishas Gods Book PDF | Download Or Read Online The Orishas Gods This book PDF is perfect for those who love Electronic Books genre, written by Danso Tangara and published by Independently Published which was released on 11 February 2021 with total hardcover pages 128. Ancient Code is a website founded in 2012 that covers articles and scientific discoveries that help understand humanitys past, present, and future. There is always the other partthe part of the natural force that can be explored but never completely known, the aspect of nature that will always remain wild and escape definition. She resides over the Ogun river, whose waters are said to cure infertility. Yoruba mythology states that Olodumare is the most powerful god. ARTWORK: 17 Apr 2023. In some myths, the orishas were a race of primogenial divine beings, who lived among mankind but didnt yet have any powers. Each human is also thought to have an Ayanmo (fate), self-chosen before birth but forgotten once one is born, which one must realize in the course of ones life. Human ancestors appear in the hierarchy because the spirits of those who have gone before are understood to still exist and able to exert their influence over the living. They may not perform rituals and other practices in foreign countries but uphold some of their traditional beliefs. In a variant of the myth, Erinle transformed himself into a river to appease the thirst of the Yoruba people, who had been struggling with the effects of a pernicious drought sent by Shango. Knowing The Orisha Gods & Goddesses Paperback Illustrated, October 8, 2020 by Waldete Tristao (Author), Caco Bressane (Author) 148 ratings See all formats and editions Paperback $8.99 5 Used from $8.99 15 New from $4.99 They also performed the same work as the Catholic saints after death, which was being intermediaries between a believer and the supreme deity. of nature, such as rivers, storms, and forests, but with the advent of farming, metallurgy and city building, the Yoruban gods took on a more anthropomorphic appearance. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In Yoruba mythology, Erinle, also called Inle, was a hunter (or sometimes an herbalist) that took the first king of Ilobu to where the first town was destined to be founded. The orishas protected humans, going to Orunmila (Oludumares oldest son and god of wisdom) to seek advice from him, every time a mortal would ask them for help. Copyright Ancient Code. Orisha devotion became a profound influence upon the emergence of such new religions as Vodou in Haiti and Santera in Cuba. Esu was rewarded with the gift of being able to do whatever he pleased, whenever he pleased, without restraint or consequences, enabling him to become a trickster figure who freely interferes in others lives (for reasons known only to him) encouraging transformation. Aja by Chase Conley Sign up now for weekly facts, the latest blogs, and interesting features. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. The orishas are the gods of Santeria, the beings that believers interact with on a regular basis. Those who worship him often seek personal empowerment, in order to make themselves better leaders. Originally their gods represented the raw elements of nature, such as rivers, storms, and forests, but with the advent of farming, metallurgy and city building, the Yoruban gods took on a more anthropomorphic appearance. In the Yoruba pantheon, the orishas are divine mediators between Oludumare, the Creator of the world, and humanity. She is kind and generous to her followers, but when brought to anger she can cause untold destruction. Very often, Orunmila is depicted as a sage. The rapids formed between these two rivers symbolize the rivalry between the two wives, a most turbulent relationship. Most populated religion in Nigeria: is it Christianity or Islam? Back and forth Esu went between the deity and humanity, trying to reason with the people, attempting to convince them of how good they had it in a world where their every desire was met and no one went hungry, but the people demanded change and differentiation and so Olodumare granted their wishes but told them upfront that, once the change was made, it could not be reversed. Olodumare sent them back to earth to apologize to Oshun because only she could complete the work. Traditional religion and Islam dominated Nigeria before the colonial era. Orunmila - spirit of wisdom, divination, destiny, and foresight The Orishas found their way into the New World via the Atlantic slave trade hundreds of years ago, and are now worshipped in many traditions such as Santeria, Umbanda, Candombl, and has even the Vodou faith. Two gods rule over both these primordial realms. The Dyatlov Pass Incident: What Killed Nine Young Hikers at Dead Mountain? The Orishas attend religious celebrations by possessing believers and making them go into a trance. Oshun was associated with Our Lady of Mercy. Via the qualities of the Orishas as universal celestial powers, this way of life was attained. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. The first step he took on this realm became known as Ile-Ife (the capital of the Yorubaland). Even so, not all the multitude of Orishas appear in the stories frequently only 20 or 30 at most do so but there are seven that appear often who have become the most popular and are referred to as gods and goddesses: These are all only the most basic descriptions of the dominions of the Seven Orishas. Olofi - the conduit between Orn (Heaven) and Ay (Earth); Nana Buluku - androgynous Supreme Creator. As a Yoruba myth explains, back when the world was completely covered with water, Olodumare assigned Obatala with the task of giving shape to the land. Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. Angered that his sons alcoholism, Olorun sent his other son, Oduduwa, to salvage the mission. Shango was the third king of the Oyo Kingdom. Each confirms the Yoruba religion has many Orishas but offer different explanations regarding how they came to exist. Web. They are also venerated by the Edo of southeastern Nigeria; the Ewe of Ghana, Benin, and Togo; and the Fon of Benin (who refer to them as voduns). She is married to Shango, the sky god, who favored her for her excellent cooking and skills in bed. This goddess is also particularly linked to storms, violent winds, and the Niger river. Because of the importance of culture and geography in defining the worship, there will never be a comprehensive list of Orishas one should not conclude that other Orishas are not Sometimes, a Yoruba divinity can fit simultaneously into more than one orisha category. Plants and animals are understood as possessing the same divine spark as human beings. Such a disappearance was not true death; rather, it was the occasion of the ancestors metamorphosis into an orisha. Each orisha has its own powers and domains of authority. The worship of other deified ancestors, however, remained confined to the towns where it originated, even sometimes restricted to particular families or lineages. The Orisha deities now enjoy a global following, flourishing in many parts of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Ayao is an air goddess. Cite This Work Help us and translate this definition into another language! Mark, published on 06 October 2021. This beautifully illustrated exploration of Afro-Brazilian spirituality introduces you to the gods of the African diaspora known as the Orishas. However, despite their divine status and remarkable powers, not all the orishas have the same origin. This visible ori, however, serves as the vessel for an invisible ori, the ori-inu or internal head, the indwelling spirit of a person and the kernel of that individuals personality. As a water divinity, Erinle is believed to reside at the places where his river meets the sea. Corrections? As noted, their number is most often given as 400 + 1 to suggest how limitless they are. The Orishas Gods GET BOOK Download The Orishas Gods Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle Millions of people worldwide have been inspired by the Yoruba people, their culture, and their teachings. Were turned into deities as they each caught a special power the occasion the... Dead Mountain the sea by possessing believers and making them go into a trance at... Mortals from their moral path news site in Nigeria, Cuba, and foresight WebOrisha.!: primordial deities, 14 Massive Monoliths of the forest, the Orishas have the same origin to improve article. Because only she could complete the work in many parts of Africa creative. And humanity and all the Orishas have the same divine spark as human beings for! 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